{"id":72,"date":"2021-04-03T17:18:31","date_gmt":"2021-04-03T15:18:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.telenec.cz\/?page_id=72"},"modified":"2021-06-20T16:50:18","modified_gmt":"2021-06-20T14:50:18","slug":"narodni-park","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.telenec.cz\/index.php\/narodni-park\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1rodn\u00ed Park"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park \u010cesk\u00e9 \u0160v\u00fdcarsko<\/p>\n

N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park \u010cesk\u00e9 \u0160v\u00fdcarsko je na\u0161\u00edm nejmlad\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1rodn\u00edm parkem. Byl vyhl\u00e1\u0161en k 1. 1. 2000 jako \u010dtvrt\u00fd n\u00e1rodn\u00ed park \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. Jeho rozloha je 80 km2<\/sup> a p\u0159i st\u00e1tn\u00ed hranici s N\u011bmeckem navazuje na N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park Sask\u00e9 \u0160v\u00fdcarsko (93 km2<\/sup>). Ten byl vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fd v roce 1990 a je jedin\u00fdm n\u00e1rodn\u00edm parkem v Sasku a jedin\u00fdm skaln\u00edm n\u00e1rodn\u00edm parkem v N\u011bmecku. Cel\u00fd tento komplex se n\u011bkdy naz\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010cesko-Sask\u00e9 \u0160v\u00fdcarsko.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Pohled na Prav\u010dickou br\u00e1nu (autor: Ale\u0161 Je\u010dmen)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A\u017e do poloviny 15. stolet\u00ed zde byly t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 neprostupn\u00e9 lesy a sk\u00e1ly Labsk\u00fdch p\u00edskovc\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed pohrani\u010dn\u00edho hvozdu \u010cesk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed. Chebsk\u00e1 smlouva z roku 1459 ur\u010dila pr\u016fb\u011bh hranice mezi \u010cechami a Saskem a dodnes se v podstat\u011b nezm\u011bnila. Snahy o velkoplo\u0161nou p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody a krajiny sahaj\u00ed do po\u010d\u00e1tku \u010dty\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fdch let 20. stolet\u00ed. Tehdy byla z\u0159\u00edzena velkoplo\u0161n\u00e1 ochrana toku Labe a jeho bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho okol\u00ed v \u00faseku mezi Litom\u011b\u0159icemi a Riesou. Od druh\u00e9 poloviny pades\u00e1t\u00fdch let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed sondovali \u010de\u0161t\u00ed a sas\u0161t\u00ed ochr\u00e1nci p\u0159\u00edrody mo\u017enost z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody a krajiny.<\/p>\n

Po vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed Chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 krajinn\u00e9 oblasti Sask\u00e9 \u0160v\u00fdcarsko (Landschaftsschutzgebiet S\u00e4chsische Schweiz, 1956) p\u0159isl\u00edbilo \u010ceskoslovensko z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 krajinn\u00e9 oblasti v \u010cesk\u00e9m \u0160v\u00fdcarsku. M\u011bla pod\u00e9l st\u00e1tn\u00ed hranice p\u0159\u00edmo navazovat na saskou CHKO. Poda\u0159ilo se to v roce 1972 vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm Chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 krajinn\u00e9 oblasti Labsk\u00e9 p\u00edskovce. P\u0159i slavnostn\u00edm vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku Sask\u00e9 \u0160v\u00fdcarsko v roce 1990 ozn\u00e1mil ministr \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed \u010cSFR Ivan Dejmal z\u00e1m\u011br z\u0159\u00eddit N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park \u010cesk\u00e9 \u0160v\u00fdcarsko, navazuj\u00edc\u00ed na p\u0159\u00edhrani\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st pr\u00e1v\u011b vyhla\u0161ovan\u00e9ho n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku sask\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00edm posl\u00e1n\u00edm obou n\u00e1rodn\u00edch park\u016f je ochrana \u00fazem\u00ed<\/a> s unik\u00e1tn\u00ed geomorfologi\u00ed p\u00edskovc\u016f a na ni nav\u00e1zanou rozmanitost ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f – rostlinn\u00fdch a \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch druh\u016f. \u00dazem\u00ed geomorfologick\u00e9ho celku Labsk\u00fdch p\u00edskovc\u016f, rozkl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edho se po obou stran\u00e1ch hranice, m\u00e1 rozlohu 700 km2<\/sup>. Na \u010desk\u00e9 i sask\u00e9 stran\u011b jsou n\u00e1rodn\u00ed parky obklopeny chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdmi krajinn\u00fdmi oblastmi. Celek n\u00e1rodn\u00edch park\u016f \u010cesk\u00e9 a Sask\u00e9 \u0160v\u00fdcarsko p\u0159edstavuje reprezentativn\u00ed uk\u00e1zku kv\u00e1drov\u00fdch p\u00edskovc\u016f \u010desk\u00e9 k\u0159\u00eddov\u00e9 p\u00e1nve. V r\u00e1mci Evropy n\u011bmeck\u00e1 i \u010desk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st Labsk\u00fdch p\u00edskovc\u016f vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed jedno z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch p\u00edskovcov\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed. Morfologick\u00e9 bohatstv\u00ed tohoto regionu le\u017e\u00ed jak na \u010desk\u00e9, tak i na n\u011bmeck\u00e9 stran\u011b.<\/p>\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 oblast je m\u00e9n\u011b os\u00eddlena a nebyla v uplynul\u00fdch desetilet\u00edch p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nav\u0161t\u011bvov\u00e1na. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed typ historicity<\/a>, kter\u00fd odpov\u00edd\u00e1 duchu t\u00e9to krajiny \u2013 toti\u017e p\u0159evisy s mezolitick\u00fdm os\u00eddlen\u00edm, pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9 prehistorick\u00e9 skaln\u00ed svatyn\u011b, drobn\u00e9 str\u00e1\u017en\u00ed hr\u00e1dky, smoln\u00e9 pece, mil\u00ed\u0159e, lesn\u00ed skl\u00e1rny a drobn\u00e9 plastiky lidov\u00e9ho baroka, dotv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed r\u00e1z krajiny \u010cesk\u00e9ho \u0160v\u00fdcarska.<\/p>\n

Cel\u00e9 \u010cesko-Sask\u00e9 \u0160v\u00fdcarsko pat\u0159\u00ed k tradi\u010dn\u00edm a nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00edm oblastem turistiky ve St\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b. Tato tradice m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 po\u010d\u00e1tky ji\u017e v obdob\u00ed romantismu, kdy toto \u00fazem\u00ed \u201eobjevili\u201c \u0161v\u00fdcar\u0161t\u00ed a n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed romanti\u010dt\u00ed mal\u00ed\u0159i. O n\u00e1zev n\u00e1zev Sask\u00e9 \u0160v\u00fdcarsko se zaslou\u017eili \u0161v\u00fdcar\u0161t\u00ed mal\u00ed\u0159i Adrian Zingg<\/a> a Anton Graff<\/a>. Tito mal\u00ed\u0159i p\u016fsobili na Akademii v Dr\u00e1\u017e\u010fanech a malovali krajinu pod\u00e9l Labe. Ta jim p\u0159ipom\u00ednala domovinu. V t\u00e9to dob\u011b vznikl romanticky zabarven\u00fd n\u00e1zev oblasti Sask\u00e9 \u0160v\u00fdcarsko, pozd\u011bji t\u00e9\u017e \u010cesk\u00e9 \u0160v\u00fdcarsko.<\/p>\n

V \u010cesko-Sask\u00e9m \u0160v\u00fdcarsku tvo\u0159il i jeden z nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch krajin\u00e1\u0159\u016f v\u0161ech dob Caspar David Friedrich<\/a> (1774-1840).<\/p>\n

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